V      JONES      x 

An  Abstract  of  the  Catalogue  of  the 
Archaeological  Collection. 


HN  flBSTRflCT 


OF  THK 


CHTflLOGUE 


COLLECTION 


JOSEPH  JONES,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 


ED  AT  HIS  RESIDENCE,  1138  WA,^ 

NKW  ORLEANS,  },< 


1901 

PRESS  OF  SEARCY  &    PFAFF, 
NEW  ORLEANS. 


URN   HBSTRRCT 


OF  THF. 


CATflLOGUE 


OF  THE 


OF 


JOSEPH  JONES,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 


PRESERVED  AT  HIS  RESIDENCE,  1138  WASHINGTON  AVENUE, 
NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 


1901 

PRESS  OF  SEARCY  &    PFAFF, 
NEW  ORLEANS. 


PREFACE. 

THE  antiquities  described  in  this  archaeological 
catalogue  relate  chiefly  to  North,  Central  and 
South  America,  as  well  as  to  works  of  ancient  art 
derived  from  Europe,  Africa  and  Asia. 

Many  of  the  implements  of  war,  and  the  em- 
blems of  religious  worship  illustrating  the  arts  of 
the  ancient  pre-historic  races  of  North  America  were 
taken  from  the  aboriginal  graves  and  mounds  Nvith 
my  own  hands. 

All  of  the  objects  described  in  this  collection 
and  recorded  in  this  catalogue  were  either  obtained 
by  me  during  my  explorations  and  travels,  or  were 
directly  purchased  from  their  original  discoverers 
and  owners. 

In  most  instances  I  have  given  to  the  objects 
those  names  which  best  describe  their  origin,  use  or 
locality. 

In  the  catalogue  the  first  number  indicates  the 
number  of  the  object  in  the  collection,  then  follows 
the  name  and  description,  the  locality  where  found, 
and  finally  the  dimensions. 


January,   1896. 


SECTION  I. 


ANCIENT    POTTERY   OF    THE   STONE    GRAVES  AND   BURIAL 

MOUNDS,  SITES  OF   ABORIGINAL  FORTIFICATIONS, 

SITES    OF   SETTLEMENTS,  SACRIFICIAL 

AND    RELIGIOUS    MOUNDS    OF   THE 

GREAT  INTERIOR  VALLEY  OF 

NORTH  AMERICA. 


Fig.  i.  Ornamented  Burial  Vase  from  Stone  Grave,  on  Big 
Harpeth  River,  2%  miles  from  Franklin,  Tenn.  Height  8 
inches,  greatest  circumference  27  inches,  length  of  neck  2  inches, 
diameter  at  base  3.5  inches. 


Figure  l. 

This  sketch  was  made  when  the  colors  of  the  paint  were 
fresh  and  distinct.  The  vase  is  composed  of  red  clay  and 
crushed  shells,  ornamented  with  black  bands. 


Fig.  2.  Painted  vase  from  Sacred 
Mound,  opposite  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
Height  8  inches.  One  of  group  figure 
35.  Pa§e  74.  Explorations  "Aboriginal 
Remains  in  Tennessee." 


Figure  'i. 


Fig.  3.  Painted  vase  from  Stone 
Grave  on  Big  Harpeth  River. 
Height  9  inches.  Largest  circum- 
ference 18.25  inches,  made  of  yellow 
clay  and  crushed  shells.  Page  59, 
figure  26,  Explorations  Aboriginal 
Remains  in  Tennessee. 


Figure  3. 


Figure  4.    Base  of  same  object  as  Fig.  3. 


Fig.  5.  Earthenware  vessel 
in  shape  of  frog,  from  Old  Town, 
Harpeth  River,  Tennessee. 

Height  3.5  inches,  circumfer- 
ence 20  inches.  See  Ex.  Ab. 
R.  in  Tennessee,  page  83. 


Figure  n. 

Fig.  6.  Earthenware  vessel  from 
Stone  Grave,  Old  Town,  Harpeth 
River,  Tennessee.  Height  3  inches, 
circumference  17  inches.  Diameter 
of  mouth  4  inches.  See  Ex.  A.  R. 
in  Tennessee,  page  83. 


Figure  6. 


Fig.  7.  Small  vasefound 
near  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
Height  2.5  inches,  circum- 
ference 10.25  inches.  Dia- 
meter of  mouth  1.6  inches. 
Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee, 
page  40. 


Figure  7. 


Fig.  8.  Dark  vase  with  raccoon 
head,  found  9  miles  from  Nash- 
ville, in  a  large  stone  grave. 
Height  7.7  inches,  20.2  inches  in 
circumference.  See  page  54,  Ex. 
Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


Figure  8. 


Fig.  9.  Black  terra  cotta  vase 
from  stone  grave  on  Big  Harpeth 
river,  composed  of  black  clay  and 
crushed  shells,  ornamented  with 
head  resembling  that  of  hedge  hog. 

Very  exact  late  measurements 
give  the  height  of  this  vase  as  5.5 
inches,  circumference  24  inches. 
See  page  84,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Ten- 
nessee. 


Figure  9. 


Figure 


Fig.  10.     Terra  cotta  drinking  vessel  from  stone  grave  near 
Brentwood,  Tennessee.       About  one-half  natural  size. 
Page  41.     Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


Fig.    n.     Vase  from  burial   mound,    Coa- 
homa  county,  Mississippi.      Height  6  inches; 
^    greatest  circumference  15  inches. 


Figure  11. 


Fig.  12.  Terra  cotta  vase 
or  cup  from  Mound  Bottom, 
opposite  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
representing  a  corpulent  or 
swollen  man.  Height  3.5 
inches;  greatest  circumference 
10.5  inches.  Diameter  of 
mouth  2%  inches. 


Figure  12. 


Figure  13. 


Fig.  13.     Group  of  vases  from  stone  graves  at   Old  Town  in 
the  vicinity  of  Franklin,  Tennessee. 
Page  84.     Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


Figure    14. 

Fig.  14.  Group  of  vases  composed  of  crushed  shells  and 
clay  from  stone  graves  within  the  ancient  works  on  Harpeth 
river,  two  and  one-half  miles  above  Franklin,  Tennessee. 
About  one-fourth  natural  size. 

See  page  74.     Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 

Fig.  15.  Reddish 
yellow  cup  or  pot 
made  of  fine  clay 
from  stone  grave, 
valley  of  Cumber- 
land river,  Tennes- 
see. Height  3.5 
inches;  circumfer- 
ence 12.5  inches; 
width  of  month  3 
inches. 

See  page  64.  Ex. 
A,b.  R.  in  Tennes- 
see. 

Figure    16. 


SECTION  II. 


POTTERY  AND  WORKS  OF  ART  IN  TERRA  COTTA  IN  VARIOUS 
SHAPES  OF  ANIMALS  AND  OF  HUMAN    BEINGS,    MOST 
PROBABLY  USED  IN  RELIGIOUS  WORSHIP  AND 
AS  TRIBAL  AND  SACRED   SYMBOLS.     FROM 
THE  STONE  GRAVES,  BURIAL  AND  SAC- 
RIFICIAL MOUNDS  OF  THE  ANCIENT 
INHABITANTS    OF     THE    GREAT 
INTERIOR  VALLEY  OF  NORTH 
AMERICA. 


Figure  16. 

Fig.  1 6.  Terra  cotta  vessel  in  shape  of  a  fat  bear  from  stone 
grave,  Old  Town,  Tennessee.  Height  4  inches;  circumference 
of  body  1 8. 8  inches. 


Figure  17.  Figure  18. 

Figs.  17  and  18.  Head  ornamenting  paint  bowl;  from 
stone  grave,  Big  Harpeth  river. 

NOTE — The  head  of  the  warrior  is  here  ornamented  with  a 
helmet,  comparable  in  form  to  that  of  the  Greeks  and  executed 
with  great  boldness  and  skill.  Very  fine  specimen.  Height 
from  bottom  to  summit  of  helmet  4.25  inches. 


Fig.  19.  Clay  vessel  in  shape 
ot  a  child's  foot  and  leg,  found 
in  stone  coffin  8^  feet  long, 
enclosing  a  large  skeleton  with 
feet  to  the  East.  Height  of  vase 
8.6  inches;  greatest  circumference 
12  inches.  Found  on  Big  Har- 
peth  river,  near  Franklin,  in 
burial  mound. 

Page  60.  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Ten- 
nessee. 


Figure  lit. 


Fig.  20.  Terra  cotta  hollow 
figure  representing  a  squatting 
female  figure  in  great  pain. 
Height  9  inches;  circumference 
1 9,  }2  inches.  From  Mound 
Bottom,  opposite  St.  Louis, 
Missouri. 


Figure  20. 


TERRA   COTTA    IMAGES    FROM     ABORIGINAL    GRAVES     AND 

MOUNDS. 


Figs.  21  and  22.  Hol- 
low image  from  Cumberland 
valley,  composed  of  fine- 
cream  colored  clay.  Height 
6)'2  inches;  greatest  cir 
cumference  8  inches.  A  dis- 
tinct cross  on  right  shoulder. 

See    page    77.     Ex.    Ab. 
R.  in  Tennessee. 


Figure  21. 


Figure  22. 


Fig.  23.  Terra  cotta  image  of 
deformed  female  from  stone  grave 
near  Brentwood,  Tennessee. 
Height  4.5  inches. 

Page  41.  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Ten- 
nessee. 


Fig.  24.  A  small  hollow  idol  of 
black  clay,  5  inches  in  height,  from 
stone  grave  near  Nashville.  De- 
formed fem;ile  figure. 

Page  41.  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Ten- 
nessee. 

Figured  in  error.  Dr.  Jones  hav- 
ing presented  this  idol  to  his  brother, 
Col.  Charles  C.  Jones  and  it  may 
be  found  in  his  fine  collection. 


Fig.  25.  Image  almost 
black,  from  stone  grave  of 
a  child  on  burial  and  sacri- 
ficial mound,  banks  of 
Cumberland  river, opposite 
Nashville,  Tennessee;  one- 
fourth  the  natural  size. 
See  page  44,  Ex.  Ab.  R. 
in  Tennessee. 


Figure  25. 


10 
SECTION  III. 


STONE  IMAGES  OR   IDOLS    FROM   THE  SACRIFICIAL,  CERE- 
MONIAL   AND    BURIAL,     ABORIGINAL    MOUNDS    OF 
THE    GREAT  INTERIOR  VALLEY  OF 
NORTH  AMERICA. 


Fig.  26.  Stone  idol  of  hard 
grey  sandstone  from  Cumber- 
land Valley,  Middle  Tennes- 
see, discovered  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  pyramidal  mounds 
and  stope  graves.  Height 
13,^  inches,  breadth  of  shoul- 
ders 13.5  inches. 

Fig.  27.  Female  idol  of 
hard  grey  sandstone,  found  in 
same  locality.  Height  1 1 
inches. 


Figures  26-27. 


Fig.  28.  Profile  head  of  stone  image 
carved  out  of  compact  white  fluor 
spar,  from  Pyramidal  Mound,  Henry 
Co.  Tennessee. 

This  is  but  a  fragment  of  an  idol 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1857  and  this  por- 
tion alone  escaped. 

Length  5.5  inches,  width  5  inches. 
Page  130,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


Figure  28. 


Flsrure  29. 

Fig.  29.  Remarkable  stone  implement  of  aboriginal  art, 
formed  of  hard  green  serpentine,  with  head  fashioned  in  the 
shape  of  a  human  being.  Length  13  inches,  diameter  of  shield 
or  guard  5  inches.  Length  of  handle  4  inches,  length  of 
chisel-like  blade  6.7  inches. 

This  instrument  may  have  been  used  for  hollowing  out 
canoes,  probably  a  relic  of  the  aboriginal  inhabitants  of  the 
south  sea  islands. 


11 

SECTION  IV. 


PIPES    FASHIONED    OF    STONE    AND  CLAY  BY  THE    ABORI- 
GINES. AND  USED    FOR    CEREMONIAL  AND  DO- 
MESTIC   PURPOSES    FROM    THE    MOUNDS, 
FORTIFICATIONS  AND  SITES  OF  ABOR- 
IGINAL   SETTLERS      IN      THE 
GREAT  INTERIOR  VALLEY 
OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Figure  30. 

Fig.  30.  Stone  pipe  of  a  chocolate  colored  stone  carved  in 
the  shape  of  a  parrot,  found  near  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

Length  of  pipe  12.4  inches,  height  4  inches,  howl  2.5  inches, 
depth  of  bowl  3.8  inches.  See  page  76,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in 
Tennessee. 


Figure  31. 

Fig.  31.  Stone  pipe  in  shape  of  Eagle,  highly  polished  and 
finished  from  stone  fort  near  Manchester,  Tennessee.  About 
one-half  natural  size.  Page  103,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


Fig.  32.  Stone  pipe  from  Louisiana,  beautiful!}'  carved  in 
the  form  of  a  duck,  from  hard,  green  serpentine.  Length  of 
pipe  8  la  inches;  height  4  inches;  diameter  of  bowl  2  inches. 


12 


Figure  33.  • 


Fig.  33.  Pipe  of  highly  polished  black  slate.  This  beauti- 
ful specimen  of  carving  was  brought  by  an  officer  of  the  United 
State  army  (Capt.  Pittfield)  from  the  Northwestern  coast  of 
North  America  during  the  Mexican  war.  Length  12.5  inches; 
greatest  breadth  5  inches. 


Fig.  34.  Stone  pipe  carved  from  dark  yellow  sand- 
stone in  the  shape  of  a  frog  in  a  sitting  posture,  weighing 
19)^  pounds.  This  immense  pipe  was  found  about  1806 
by  Mr.  Wm.  Ellis,  near  a  large  mound  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Port  Gibson,  near  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  river. 

Not  illustrated. 


Figure  35. 


Figure  36. 


-  35-  Clay  pipe  in  the  form  of  a  sitting  figure,  from 
Shell  Ridge  mound,  near  mouth  of  Bayou  Lafourche,  La.  Width 
of  base  of  pipe  4  inches,  bowl  2  inches. 

Fig.  36.  Partially  formed  stone  pipe  of  dark  brown  sand 
stone  from  same  locality.  Length  of  base  5.2  inches;  diameter 
of  bowl  2.3  inches. 


13 
SECTION  V. 


STONE  WEAPONS— BATTLE  AXES— STONE  HATCHETS— STONE 
WEDGES— STONE  SCRAPERS,  ETC. 


The  weapons  and  implements  of  stone  were,  without  doubt, 
used  by  the  aborigines  of  North,  Central  and  South  America, 
for  various  purposes,  the  same  instrument  or  weapon  being 
used  indiscriminately  for  peace  or  for  war.  Thus  a  stone  wedge 
when  properly  bound  to  a  handle,  might  be  used  as  a  hatchet 
or  battle  axe,  or  for  scraping  skins,  digging  out  canoes  or 
boats,  or  for  agricultural  purposes.  We  now  know  that  the 
ordinary  arrow  and  spear  head  is  used  by  the  Esquimaux  and 
other  northern  tribes  as  a  knife  when  fastened  into  a  wooden 
handle.  It  is  also  evident  from  ancient  Peruvian  figures  that 
stone  spears  and  arrow  heads  were  similarly  used  in  ancient 
times. 


Figure  37. 

Fig.  37.  Double  headed  green  stone  axe  with  stone  handle. 
Formed  of  hard  green  stone  (chloritic  slate)  susceptible  of 
high  polish.  Handle  and  stone  blade  carved  from  a  single 
piece  of  stone.  Taken  from  burial  mound  on  the  banks  of  the 
Cumberland  river  opposite  Nashville,  Tenn.  This  remarkable 
mound  appears  to  have  been  occupied  by  a  sacrificial  vase 
formed  of  crushed  shells  and  clay,  varying  in  thickness  from 
one  to  two  inches,  and  almost  forty-four  inches  in  diameter. 
The  stone  coffins  were  arranged  around  this  central  vase  or 
sacrificial  altar.  Mound  fully  described  in  Explorations  of 
Aboriginal  Remains  in  Tennessee,  Smithsonian  contributions 
to  knowledge,  p.  42.  Length  of  stone  hatchet,  including  han- 
dle, 14.25  inches;  diameter  from  edge  to  edge  of  double  blade  6 
inches;  width  of  blade  large  2.5  inches;  width  of  handle  2^ 
inches.  The  head  of  the  handle  has  three  notches  and  the  end 
a  ring  in  it. 

See  page  46.    Ex.  Ab.   R.  in  Tennessee. 

NOTE — Dr.  Jones  considered  this  to  be  the  most  beautiful 
and  perfect  stotie  implement  which  he  had  observed  in  Europe 
or  America,  being  especially  interesting  as  developing  the  idea 
of  a  perfect  double-headed  stone  axe  without  any  contact  with 
civilization,  and  also  as  showing  the  manner  in  which  the 
aborigines  fastened  the  handle  to  the  axe. 


14 


Figure  38. 

Fig.  38.  Spade  shaped  implement  of  hard 
green  stone,  from  ancient  works  at  Gen.  De- 
Graffenreid's,  Big  Harpeth  River,  Tennessee, 
2/4  miles  from  Franklin,  Tennessee.  Length 
18  inches,  greatest  width  of  blade  2)2  inches, 
thickness  of  handle  %  inch.  Length  of  spade 
3^  inches. 

See  page  87,  Ex.  Aboriginal  Remains  in 
Tennessee. 


Fig  39.  Leaf  shaped  stone  or  spear  of 
symmetrical  form  with  serrated  edges — of  fossil 
stone  of  a  dark,  hard  siliceous  texture.  This 
stone  spear  was  found  in  the  ancient  earth 
works  of  the  Big  Harpeth  River,  about  -2% 
miles  above  Franklin,  Tennessee.  It  was 
taken  from  a  hexagonal  grave  in  the  centre  of 
a  Burial  Mound.  Length  21.75  inches,  width 
2  inches,  thickness  0.3  inches. 


NOTE — This  has  been  regarded  as  the  most 
remarkable  stone  implement  in  existence  in 
this  or  any  other  country,  and  conveys  a  high 
idea  of  the  skill  and  perseverance  of  the  an- 
cient inhabitants  of  Tennessee  in  the  manu- 
facture of  stone  implements.  Page  58,  Ex. 
A.b.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


Figure  39. 


15 


SECTION  VI. 


DISCOIDAL  STONES,  BICONCAVE  STONES,  USED  FOR  GAMES, 

'FOR    MEDICINE  BOWLS,    PAINT  BOWI.S 

AND  MORTARS. 


Fig.  40.  Biconcave  stone  disc, 
from  stone  grave,  Valley  of  the 
Cumberland  River.  Diameter  5.25 
inches,  thickness  1.65  inches,  dia- 
meter of  central  opening  3.12  inches. 
See  page  74,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Ten- 
nessee. 


Figure  40. 


Fig.  41.  Biconcave  stone  disc, 
from  stone  grave,  Valley  of  the 
Cumberland.  Diameter  of  stone 
6/€  inches,  diameter  of  opening 
4)6  inches,  height  -2%  inches. 
See  page  51,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Ten- 
nessee. 


Figure  41. 

This  collection  contains  in  addition  a  very  large  number  of 
stone  wedges,  chisels,  battle  axes,  both  single  and  double, 
scrapers,  fleshers  and  arrow  heads  too  numerous  to  be  figured. 
Many  are  mentioned  in  Explorations  of  Aboriginal  Remains  in 
Tennessee. 

See  page  75,  figures  39  and  40;  page  87,  figure  55 ;  page  139, 
figures  75  and  76;  page  140,  figures  75,  78  and  79. 

Others  were  obtained  in  different  localities  in  various  parts 
of  the  Southern  States,  forming  exquisite  specimens  of  Indian 
art  and  crafts. 


16 
SECTION  VII. 

STONE  AND  TERRA  COTTA  PESTLES,  CRUSHERS  OF  GRAIN 
AND  PAINT  AND  SMOOTHERS  OF  SKINS,  ETC. 


Figure  42. 


Figure  43. 


Figure  44. 


Fig.  42.  Skin  smoother,  composed  of  clay  and  crushed 
shells  from  aboriginal  settlement  in  neighborhood  of  Sacred 
Mound,  opposite  Nashville,  Tenn.  Diameter  4.7  inches, 
length  4  inches  from  base  to  top  of  handle.  End  of  handle 
cleft  or  forked.  Surface  of  disc  is  highly  polished. 

NOTE — As  far  as  Dr.  Jones'  information  extends  this  form 
of  instrument  was  first  discovered  and  described  by  him. 

Fig.  43.  Skin  smoother,  found  in  mound  in  north  Nash- 
ville, composed  of  clay  and  crushed  shells.  Diameter  5.75 
inches,  height  from  base  to  end  of  handle  3  inches. 

Fig.  44.  Skin  smoother  from  banks  of  Cumberland  River. 
Greatest  diameter  5.35,  short  diameter  3.85.  Height  3  inches. 
Page  143,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 

SECTION  VIII. 


PLUMMETS,      SINKERS,     PERFORATED      STONES    USED     AS 

SINKERS  FOR  LINES  AND  NETS,   ALSO  FOR  SPINNING 

THREAD  AND  FOR  ORNAMENTS. 


Fig.  45.  Stone  implement  of 
hard  brown  stone,  found  at  Stone 
Fort,  near  Manchester,  Tenn. 


Figure  45. 


Fig.  46.  Plummet  of  black,  magnetic  iron  ore, 
found  at  line  of  Ancient  Works.  Big  Harpeth 
River.  Length  3.25  inches,  diameter  1.25  inches. 
Page  141,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


Figure  46. 


17 


SECTION  IX. 


OBJECTS  OF  DOUBTFUL  OR  UNKNOWN  ORIGIN. 


Fig.  47.  Cone  of  haematite  from  Cum- 
berland Valley.  See  page  141,  Ex.  Ab. 
R.  in  Tennessee. 


Figure  47 


SECTION  X. 


SPEAR  HEADS— ARROW    HEADS. 


Spear  heads  of  various  patterns,  perfect  in  all  their  parts, 
and  typical  of  the  skill  of  the  aboriginal  inhabitants  of  North 
America. 

Some  have  sloping  edges  in  opposite  directions,  so  construc- 
ted as  to  cause  a  rotary  motion  of  the  spear  or  javelin  when 
thrown  through  the  air.  They  vary  in  length  from  4.75  inches 
to  2.4  inches;  composed  of  variously  colored  silex,  and  are  from 
Tennessee,  Mississippi,  Arkansas  and  L/ouisiana. 


Figure    48. 


Figure  49. 


Figure  50. 


18 
SECTION  XI. 


CARVED  SHELL  ORNAMENTS. 


Fig.  51.  Carved  shell 
from  stone  grave,  Big  Har- 
peth  river, Tennessee.  Great- 
est length  7.5  inches. 


Figure  52. 

Fig.  52.     Carvings  on  sea  shell.    Fig.  51. 
See  page  60.     Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 


53-  Engraved  shell  from 
stone  grave,  Sacred  Mound.on  banks 
of  Cumberland  river,  opposite  Nash- 
ville. 

Page  43.     Ex.    Ab.    R.  in    Ten- 
nessee. 


Fig.  54.  Reverse  of  above,  sup* 
posed  to  have  been  worn  suspended 
around  the  neck. 

Page  43.  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Ten- 
nesseee. 


Figure  54. 


19 


Fig-  55-  Various  forms  of 
shell  beads  from  stone  coffins  in 
mounds  opposite  Nashville,  Ten- 
nessee. 

See  page  42.  Ex.  Ab.  in  Ten- 
nessee. 


Figure  56. 


Figure  55. 


Fig.  56.  Shell  ornament  cameo. 
From  stone  grave  of  a  child,  foot  of 
Burial  Mound,  Cumberland  river.  Long 
diameter  2  inches;  short  diameter  1.36 
inches. 

Page  48.     Ex.  Ab.   R.  in  Tennessee. 


SECTION  XII. 


BONE   IMPLEMENTS. 


In  this  section  is  contained  a  large  number  of  needles,  bod- 
kins, etc.,  made  from  the  polished  bones  of  the  American  deer 
and  chiefly  found  in  the  mounds  of  Tennessee,  and  the  shell 
mounds  ot  Bayou  des  Allemands,  Lafourche  parish,  Louisiana. 

SECTION  XIII. 


TERRA    COTTA  AND   STONE    HEADS    AND  MASKS    OF    MEN, 
ANIMALS,  BIRDS,   ETC. 


Fig.  57.  Terra  Cotta  head 
of  do<;  from  Aboriginal  Mound, 
near  Florence,  Alabama. 


Figure  57. 


20 


Fig.  58.  Terra  Cotta  figure, 
from  Mound  Valley  of  the  Ten- 
nessee river,  near  Florence,  Ala., 
almost  natural  size. 


Figure  58. 


Fig.  59.  Terra  cotta  head,  prob- 
ably intended  for  that  of  a  Panther, 
from  Burial  Mound,  Copiah  Co., 
Mississippi.  Length  of  head  i  inch, 
length  of  head  and  neck  2  inches. 


Figure  59. 


Fig.  60.  Terra  cotta  fig- 
ure, from  Mound  near  Flor- 
ence, Ala.  Height  3.5 
inches,  breadth  2.25  inches. 

This  figure  has  been  called 
the  "Alabama  Isis." 


Figure  60. 


21 


Fig.  61.  Terra  cotta  head 
from  Florence,  Ala.,  Valley 
of  the  Tennessee  River. 


Figure  61. 


Fig.  62.  Terra  cotta  head  from 
Burial  Mound  on  the  Tennessee 
River,  near  Florence,  Ala. 


Figure  (52. 


Fig-  63.  Terra  cotta 
head  from  Shell  Mound, 
Deer  Island,  nearBiloxi, 
Miss.  Probably  intended 
for  handle  to  a  vase. 
Length  of  head>  inches, 
length  of  neck  2 . 5  inches. 


Figure  63. 


22 

SECTION  XIV. 


METAL  ORNAMENTS— COPPER  AND  IRON  AND  STONE  FROM 
THE     ABORIGINAL     MOUNDS     AND     STONE     GRAVES 
AND  SITES  OF  ANCIENT  ABORIGINAL  SETTLE- 
MENTS. 


Fig.  64  Remarkable  copper  plate 
from  Mound  in  Alabama  on  the  banks  of 
Tennessee  river.  Length  of  plate  18 
inches;  width  of  plate  5.5  inches. 

The  figure  is  stamped  on  the  copper. 


Figure  64. 


Figure  65. 

Fig.  65.  a.  Represents  a  plume.  Long  diameter  14  inches; 
broadest  portion  3.3  inches. 

b.  Represents  a  sceptre  on  which  is  very  distinctly  figured  a 
serpent.  Length  10  inches;  greatest  breadth  4  inches;  both 
the  scepter  and  the  plume  have  handles  of  bone;  the  several 
parts  are  ingeniously  held  together  with  copper  rivets.  Smaller 
ornaments  made  of  copper. 


23 


Figure  66. 

Fig.  66.  a.  Large  stone  wedge  9  inches  long,  3  inches 
wide.  b.  Beautiful  polished  stone  axe  of  dark  green  chloritic 
slate  perfoiated  by  hole  in  the  center.  Length  7  inches;  width 
5  inches,  c.  Fine  copper  axe  of  pure  metal,  showing  the 
effect  of  having  been  beaten.  Length  8.5  inches;  greatest 
width  2  inches.  This  collection  of  relics  is  of  great  impor- 
tance as  showing  the  copper  and  stone  implements  found  side 
by  side  in  the  same  prehistoric  grave. 

The  foregoing  articles  were  found  near  Stevenson,  Alabama, 
while  mining  for  coal. 


SECTION  XV. 


1.  Implements  employed  in    ancient  mining    operations   by 
the  aborigines  of  North  America. 

2.  Iron  and  stone  weapons  of    war  used  by   the    aborigines 
of  North    America,    after  the  colonization    by  Europeans,  and 
still  in  use  by  the  Western  and  Northern  tribes. 


24 
SECTION  XVI. 


PRE-HISTORIC,     ABORIGINAL   RELICS    FROM    THE    MOUNDS 
AROUND  NATCHEZ,  AND    FROM    THE   SELTZERTOWN 
MOUND  AND  SURROUNDING  COUNTRY  ON  THE 
EAST  AND  WEST  BANKS  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI 
RIVER.  STONE  IMPLEMENTS,  WEAPONS 
OF  WAR, CELTS,  DISCOID AL  STONES, 
PLUMBS,    SINKERS,    BEAD    GOR- 
GETS, BOAT  SHAPED  IMPLE- 
MENTS,     ETC.,      VASES, 
STONE    AND    TERRA 
COTTA  PIPES. 


Figure    67. 


Fig.  67.  Stone  pipes  from  vicinity  of  Fort  Rosalie  near 
Natchez,  Miss.  Stone  pipe — Length  4  inches;  height  2.5 
inches.  Stone  pipe  with  human  head — Height  3  inches; 
length  4  inches. 


Fig.  68.  Vase  in  shape  of 
frog,  from  vicinity  of  Natchez, 
Miss.  Greatest  diameter  4  5 
inches,  height  2.5  inches. 


Figure  68. 


25 


Fig.  69.  Highly  ornamented  and 
glazed  black  vase  from  Mound  in  the 
vicinity  of  Natchez,  Miss. 

Circumference  20  inches,  diameter 
of  neck  i  85  inches.  Diameter  of 
base  3  inches,  height  of  vase  to  neck 
9  inches. 


Figure  69. 

Fig-  70.  Group  of 
vases  from  the  country  of 
the  Ancient  Natchez  In- 
dians in  Mississippi. 

Fig.  71.  Stone  vase, 
contents  of  Burial  Mound, 
and  Aboriginal  relics  from 
the  place  of  Mr.  John 
Slate,  on  the  Taliahatchie 
River,  Lafayette  Co.,  Mis- 
sissippi. Vase  found  16 
miles  west  of  Oxford,  Miss. 


Figure  70. 


innes  west  or  (Jxlord,  Miss. 

Height    11.5  inches,    long  diameter  22  inches,    short   diameter 

15  inches,  depth  of  bowl  8.5  inches. 


Figure  71. 

NOTE — Without  doubt  one  of  the  most  perfect  and  remark, 
able  aboriginal  relics  ever  found  in  North  America. 

See  page  144,  Ex.  Ab.  R.  in  Tennessee. 

The  extremely  poor  cut  gives  no  idea  of  the  beauty  of  this 
vase. 

Under  this  section  are  numerous  boards  and  jars  containing 
articles  too  small  to  be  dealt  with  separately  and  are  not  illus- 
ratei  in  this  catalogue. 


SECTION   XVII. 


ABORIGINAL    TERRA    COTTAS,  IDOLS   AND  CARVINGS  FROM 

MEXICO. 


F'gure  72. 

Fig.  72.  Terra  cotta  figures  from  Mexico,  of  which  there 
is  a  very  large  number  in  various  forms,  from  2  to  3  and  4 
inches  long. 


Figure  73. 

Fig.   73.   Terra  cotta   figures   from   Mexico,  about  14  inches 
in  height. 


27 


Figure  74. 


Fig.  74.  Carving  of  stone 
frog  from  Tuxpan,  Mexico. 
Length  10  inches,  height  5 
inches. 


Figure  75. 


Figure  75     Small  stone  figures    from    Mexico.     Under    this 
head  are  a  large  number  of  small  idols  not  herein  illustrated. 


Fig.  76.  Stone  idol  from  Tux- 
pan,  Mexico.  Height  19.5  inches; 
width  7.5  inches. 


Figure  76 


Fig.  77.  Basaltic  mask,  Tuxpan, 
Mexico.  Length  5  inches;  width  4.25 
inches. 


Figure  77. 

Fig.  78.  Boulder  of  stone 
carved  with  human  face  and 
hands.  From  Tampico, 
Mexico.  Length  11.5  inches; 
breadth  9.5  inches. 


Figure  7 


Fig.  79.  Stone  carving  or  idol  from 
Tampico,  Mexico.  Height  26.5  inches; 
greatest  width  11.2  inches;  thickness  of 
slab  2  inches. 


Figure  79. 


Fig.  So.  Jade  mask 
from  temple  of  Sun 
and  Moon,  Street  of 
the  Dead,  near  City 
of  Mexico.  Length  4 
inches;  width  2.25 
inches. 


Figure  80. 


29 


Figure  81. 


Fig.  81.  War  decoration  of  the  Aztecs  or  Toltecs  beautifully 
carved,  of  green  jade.  Discovered  in  an  excavation  made  in 
the  Temple  of  Cholula,  Mexico,  October  2,  1878.  Length  2.75 
inches;  width  2  inches. 


Fig.  82.  Green  jade  ornament, 
heart  shaped,  with  carving  of  human 
head  of  exquisite  shape  and  high  polish, 
from  ancient  Aztec  ruins  near  City  of 
Mexico.  Length  2  inches;  width  1.25 
inches. 


Figure  82. 


SECTION  XVIII. 


CARVINGS  AND  TERRA  COTTAS  FROM  CENTRAL  AND  SOUTH 

AMERICA. 


Fig.  83.  Vase  or  jug  of  terra  cotta,  excavated  from  bed  of 
Guano  on  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Honduras.  Height  23.5 
inches;  greatest  circumference  33.25  inches.  Not  illustrated. 


30 


Fig.  84.  Stone  image 
from  Honduras,  represent- 
ing a  monkey  apparently 
in  great  pain.  Height  of 
figure  8  inches. 


Figure  84. 


Fig.  85.  Stone  matata 
from  Honduras,  Central 
America.  Roller  attach- 
ed. Length  13  inches; 
height  of  figure  10  inches. 


Fig.  86.  Stone  carving  re- 
presenting skull  or  death's 
head,  frcm  Copan,  Honduras. 
Height  of  head  from  chin  to 
top  of  ornament  9.5  inches; 
Length  8  inches;  width  7.5 
inches. 


Figure  86. 


Fig.  87.  Stone  sphynx 
with  head  of  bird,  from  Copan, 
Honduras.  Length  n  inches; 
height  7.5  inches,  breadth 
6-5  inches. 


Figure  8 


31 


A 


Figure  88. 

Fig.  88.  Carving  representing  a  foot  with  sandal  or  shoe 
from  Copan,  Honduras.  Length  of  sole  of  foot  11.25  inches; 
breadth  of  toes  5.25  inches;  circumference  around  ankle  19 
inches.  Smaller  foot  from  Chichen  Itzen,  Honduras.  Battle 
axe,  hard  green  stone  curiously  carved,  from  Copan,  Honduras. 
Length  4.5  inches;  breadth  4  inches;  thickness  1.75  inches. 


Figure  89. 

Fig.   89.     Idols  of  hard    porous  lava   from   Pacific   coast  of 
Mexico  and  Central  America,  about  12  inches  in  height. 


Fig.  00.  Stone  carving 
representing  Armadillo  of 
South  America,  of  hard, 
compact  light  brown  sand 
stone.  Length  16  inches, 
height  8  inches. 


Figure  90. 


32 


Figure  91. 

Fig.  91.  These  hard  stone  idols  (male  and  female)  were 
found  in  a  hillside  cut  on  the  line  of  the  Costa  Rican  railroad, 
about  40  miles  inland  from  Port  Liraon,  Costa  Rica. 

Height  of  male  idol  36  inches,  breadth  15.5  inches,  greatest 
circumference  57  inches. 

Height  of  female  idol  24  inches,  breadth  14  inches,  greatest 
circumference  52.5  inches.  Both  are  fashioned  of  hard  porous 
lava. 


Figure  92. 

Fig.  92.  These  three  figures  were  found  in  a  vase,  while 
excavating  a  mound  near  San  Pedro,  Spanish  Honduras. 
Height  of  larges*:  figure  5  inches,  breadth  of  base  3.5  inches, 
circumference  around  the  abdomen  7  inches.  The  figures  are 
of  terra  cotta,  black  and  highly  polished. 


Figure 


Figure  94. 


33 


Figs.  93-94.  Terra  cotta  vases  of  reddish  brown  clay,  highly 
polished  and  grotesquely  ornamented.  The  legs  (three  in 
number)  are  hollow  and  contain  balls  of  clay,  which  produce 
a  rattling  sound.  About  2.5  inches  in  height.  Northern  part 
of  South  America. 


Figure  95. 

Fig.  95.  Terra  cotta,  representing  head  of  Cougar  or 
Panther,  from  Guatemala.  Height  3.75  inches,  greatest  length 
4.75  inches. 

ANCIENT  PERUVIAN  POTTERY. 


Figure  96. 


Figure  97. 


34 


Figure  98. 

Fig.  98.  A  most  exquisitely  carved  image  of  the  Hindoo 
God  Vishnu,  composed  of  black  basalt. 

Height  from  top  of  carving  to  base  38  inches,  greatest  width 
of  shoulders  10.5  inches. 

Brought  from  India  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Wilmer  of  Louis- 
iana, and  presented  by  his  widow,  Mrs.  Wilmer,  to  Dr. 
Joseph  Jones  in  1879. 


35 


Figure  99. 


Fig.  99.  Hindoo  masks,  formerly  worn  by  the  priests  of 
the  serpent  worshipers,  from  a  Temple  on  the  Island  of  Ceylon, 
made  of  light  wood  brilliantly  colored. 


Figure  100. 

Fig.  100.  This  collection  contains  a  large  number  of  Mound 
Builders'  skulls,  carefully  numbered  and  measured.  See  page 
no,  Explorations  aboriginal  remains  in  Tennessee,  also  a 
large  number  of  those  of  various  nationalities  of  modern  times. 


This  small  catalogue  gives  a  very  meagre  idea  of  the 
collection  made  by  the  late  Joseph  Jones,  physician  and  scien- 
tist. He  was  an  earnest  student  of  Archaeology  and  made 
during  the  years  of  1868-1869,  most  interesting  explorations 
into  the  mounds  lying  in  the  valleys  of  the  Tennessee  and 
Cumberland  Rivers.  These  researches  were  published  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  under  the  title  of  "Explorations  of  the 
Aboriginal  Remains  in  Tennessee,"  Smithsonian  Contribution 
to  Knowledge,  No.  259.  The  work  is  largely  illustrated  with 
cuts,  figuring  the  results  of  these  explorations;  skulls,  vases, 
idols,  pipes,  celts,  stone  implements  and  shell  ornaments  of 
various  kinds,  and  plans  of  the  earth  works  and  general 
position  of  the  mounds  from  which  they  were  taken. 

The  originals  of  the  articles  thus  described  form  the  greater 
part  of  this  collection;  there  are  in  addition  many  beautiful 
objects  obtained  in  Louisiana  and  others  which  were  acquired 
by  careful  purchase  from  Mexico,  Central  America  and  Peru, 
and  by  a  gift  from  India. 

The  collection  also  contains  fine  examples  of  Indian  bead 
work,  and  handsome  specimens  of  the  pottery  of  the  Zuni  and 
Navajos  Indians,  and  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  Central  and  South 
America. 

SUSAN  POLK  JONES. 

1138  Washington  Ave. ,  New  Orleans, 
October,   1901. 


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